SALT Athenaeum

ABSTRACT
A more profound comprehension of one of the factors affecting eating patterns is necessary to advocate and encourage individuals to eat effectively and successfully. Among the many things, people’s eating habits influence how they view nutritious food. In this review, “Perception of healthy eating” is people’s ideas about eating nutritious, ingesting for health, and consuming healthy foods. This article aims to summarise the study’s findings on eating healthy and determine the current perception of knowledge, attitude, and practices. Twenty recent articles were reviewed in the present study. It is crucial to comprehend the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) underlying young people’s eating habits to comprehend their viewpoints on food. It helps combat unhealthy eating and decreases the ratio of many diseases due to an unhealthy body. Adolescent obesity can be avoided by encouraging good eating habits; families may play a big part.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Tools for Assessment.

ABSTRACT
Frozen shoulder is the gradual loss of movement in the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. When the shoulder is frozen, the joint has become stiff and its movement is limited. It is also called adhesive capsulitis and commonly treated by manual therapy and exercise, usually delivered together as components of a physical therapy intervention. The differential diagnosis includes biceps tendinopathy, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, neoplasm, rotator cuff tendinopathy or tear (with or without impingement), and subacromial and subdeltoid.  The case report is based on use of combination therapy and shoulder glides to reduce the pain and improve the Range of motion of the joint. Combination therapy comprises of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonic therapy at different intensities according to different musculoskeletal conditions. Outcome measure used were Numerical Pain Rating Scale for pain and universal goniometer for measuring range of motion. In conclusion, the study supports the use of combination therapy and shoulder glides are beneficial in reducing pain and improve shoulder Range of motion in patients with case of Frozen shoulder.
Keywords: Frozen shoulder, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasonic therapy, range of motion, numerical pain rating scale, pain.

ABSTRACT
Improper young child and infant feeding practices are key to malnourishment, associated with high rates of mortality during childhood. The World Health Organization proposes the initiation of breastmilk within the first hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for six months and the commencement of complementary feeding after six months. Complementary feeding involves the introduction of highly nutritious food that will cover the gap created when breastmilk becomes insufficient to cater for the child’s nutritional needs. Complementary feeding practices directly affect the nutritional status of the child; hence there is a need to explore the factors associated with complementary feeding practices. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers regarding complementary feeding and its impact on the nutritional status of children. This study was a cross-sectional study which recruited 200 mothers and 200 children using a convenience sampling technique. Data was collected using a KAP questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel for frequency and percentage. For statistical analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation was used to find associations between variables. The results showed that the mothers had average knowledge and practice and a good attitude on complementary feeding. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the mother’s education status, monthly family income, mother’s knowledge and the nutritional status of children. A positive non-significant association was also observed between the mother’s attitude, practice and nutritional status of children. A high prevalence of malnutrition was observed in the study as a result of insufficient levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers regarding complementary feeding. The low education status of the mother and low family monthly income also contributed to high levels of malnourishment in the study.
Keywords: Complementary feeding, malnutrition, nutritional status, knowledge, attitude, practice, feeding practices

ABSTRACT
Alcohol and tobacco consumption are significant social and economic health issues, causing liver, kidney, blood cancer, central nervous system, and hematopoietic system issues. Anaemia is a common condition among smokers and regular drinkers, as alcohol and tobacco consumption cause early red blood cell destruction, increasing the risk of anaemia. This study measures total red blood cell count, haemoglobin, total white blood cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelets in moderate-smoking individuals. Results show that smokers and alcoholics have haematological parameter disorders. Assessing low haemoglobin levels in smokers and alcoholics will contribute to raising awareness of haematological parameter disorders.
Keywords: Alcohol, tobacco, cancer, haemoglobin, smokers, alcoholics

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology with the potential to revolutionise healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the transformative impact of AI in the context of healthcare, focusing on its applications, challenges, and potential benefits. By leveraging AI algorithms, advanced data analytics, and machine learning techniques, India has the opportunity to overcome existing healthcare disparities, enhance diagnostic accuracy, optimise resource allocation, improve patient engagement, and strengthen public health interventions. However, significant barriers such as data privacy, ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, infrastructure limitations, and skill development need to be addressed for AI to fully realise its potential. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in healthcare, highlights successful case studies, and outlines future directions for implementation.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, healthcare, diagnostic, public health, data privacy

ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that requires early detection and effective management. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) evaluation has emerged as a valuable tool in diagnosing diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated 62 cases, with 21 diabetic and 41 non-diabetic, and found a significant p-value for HbA1c levels. The mean HbA1c level was 6.36, with a standard deviation of 1.90 and a variance of 3.6189. Comparative analysis showed an increased case detection rate in HbA1c testing. HbA1c testing improves accuracy and convenience of diabetes diagnosis, correlates with long-term glycemic control, and is a prognostic marker for cardiovascular risk. The study highlights the importance of incorporating HbA1c testing into clinical practice, monitoring treatment effectiveness and guiding therapeutic decisions. The findings support the growing recognition of HbA1c as a reliable diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus, with its ability to reflect average blood glucose levels over a prolonged period. Further research is needed to explore its applicability across different populations and establish standardized guidelines for HbA1c interpretation and utilization.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Diagnostic tool, Glycemic control, Fasting, Post prandial

ABSTRACT  
The hypersensitive, palpable nodules known as myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are located along muscular bundles. They frequently affect the shoulder girdle  & cervical  muscles. The muscle most usually affected is the trapezius. Trigger points in the neck are thought to be present in 85% of patients who visit pain clinics, and they affect women more frequently than males. In this study we see the effect of Instrumented assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM) on upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Most studies in our review study reported the IASTM’s usefulness in treating upper trapezius trigger points, but additional research is required.
Keywords: IASTM, Upper trapezius, trigger point , M2t blade, Myofascial pain syndrome, Neck pain.

ABSTRACT  
A degenerative condition called knee osteoarthritis (Knee OA) causes excruciating discomfort and stiffness, which impair movement and make the knee joint disabled. When a person’s age increases, they are more likely to experience worsening symptoms and a higher prevalence of overweight knee OA. Pain, morning stiffness, oedema, decreased ROM, crepitus sound, joint damage, and extreme fatigue of muscles are the major symptoms. The incidence of knee osteoarthritis was observed to range from (22% to 39%) generally. In India, it is 28.7%. In this study considering extracorporeal shock wave therapy’s (ESWT) efficiency in treating individuals with knee OA, most studies in our review reported that extracorporeal shock wave therapy usefulness in knee OA.
Keywords: Knee OA, shock wave therapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, physiotherapy.

ABSTRACT  
Background and purpose: This literature review objective is to appraise the outcome of Cardiac Rehabilitation for (CAD) patients. Methods: This literature review constitutes the articles which were published in 2017-2022. The evidence search was performed on Google Scholar, PubMed database and Web of science. Results: According to 34 studies incorporated in our literature review shows that cardiac rehabilitation has led to enhancing the well-being of patients suffering from (CAD). We performed a literature review of different articles, including seven studies that were randomised control trials and seven studies that were systematic reviews, and three studies that were meta-analyses providing evidence on the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation and its recent advances in (CAD) patients. Discussion: This literature review, according to selective studies, demonstrates that routine exercise habits act as a precautionary regimen in patients suffering from (CAD). It has led to enhancement in cardiovascular strength and decreasing fatness in a healthy population. Exercise Based (CR) has also shown remarkable outcomes in enhancing the well-being of patients suffering from (CAD).
Keywords: Coronary artery disease, cardiac rehabilitation, home-based cardiac telerehabilitation, exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.