SALT Athenaeum

ABSTRACT
Background: Dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps) is a common gynecological condition with painful menstruation as its main symptom. It negatively influences women’s quality of life and hampers their productivity and activities. While the exact etiology is unknown, increased prostaglandin levels and myofascial trigger points are thought to play a role. This study investigated the effectiveness of combining sacral release technique, a myofascial release therapy, with conventional physiotherapy for treating dysmenorrhea symptoms. Methods: A 23-year-old woman with clinically diagnosed primary dysmenorrhea was treated with a rehabilitation protocol consisting of sacral release technique, deep breathing exercises, and static stretching over the course of her menstrual period. Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q). Results: Subsequently after the intervention all outcome indices indicated significant improvement for the patient. NPRS scores reduced from 6 to 4 indicating less pain intensity while broad MEDI-Q total score went down from 64 to 39 signifying improved menstrual symptoms along with distress due to periods in addition to over-all quality regarding daily living associated with menses. Conclusion: In Conclusion, combining sacral release technique, and traditional physiotherapy methods of deep breathing and stretching were effective in alleviating symptoms of woman during menstrual flow, reducing pain and improving quality of life for the mentioned patient. These findings indicate that having a sacral release along with other modalities may become another intervention in treating dysmenorrhea.
Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, sacral release technique, Pain Management, conventional physiotherapy, case study.

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate and comprehend how different types of Gullian-Barre Syndrome respond to physiotherapy rehabilitation. The routine, evaluation, check, and diagnosis of the several treatments being utilized to treat this illness form the basis of the case study. The patient received immunoglobin and a monoclonal antibody treatment, among other medications, to see if their condition improved. This research mentions a number of conditions, such as respiratory failure, limb weakness, and limb strength. Professional physiotherapy techniques, a balanced and coordination program, virtual reality technologies, and breathing exercises were used to enhance their ADLs. This study aims to investigate different physiotherapy approaches and different forms of Guillain-Barre syndrome variation, with a focus on the most advantageous and successful approach. Based on this examination, it was determined that the patient treatment is effective in allowing patients to return to their usual routines. The use of contemporary physiotherapy approaches improves patient outcomes.
Keywords: Guillain-Barre syndrome, rehabilitation, physical treatment, limb strength, and weakness.

ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Identifying the patient’s response to the muscle energy technique procedure is the aim of this case study.
Methods: This case study consists of the publications that were released between 2005 and 2022. The PubMed, the Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar search engines were used to locate the evidence. This case study was conducted using the Muscle Energy Technique.
Results: This case studies reveal how the Muscle Energy Technique has helped the health of those who are having carpel tunnel syndrome. I did a case study of several articles that provided evidence of the benefit of problems for patients having Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and case studies.
Conclusion: According to this research, muscle energy technique and continuous passive motion can be an efficient treatment plan for increasing wrist joint range of motion as it can improve range of motion, develop muscular strength, and improve gripping training by reducing other issues.
Keywords: Carpel tunnel syndrome, muscle energy technique, physiotherapy, wrist movements, median nerve.

ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: This literature review objective is to appraise the outcome of the Impact of blood flow restriction training as a supplemental rehabilitation technique for chronic ankle instability patients.
Methods: This literature review constitutes the articles which were published in 2017-2023. The evidence search was performed on Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Pedro database and Cochrane Library.
Results: According to 20 studies included in our review shows that BFR training has been useful in increasing muscle strength and hypertrophy; there was increased production of ATP in muscle mitochondria & Increased VO2 max along with other neuro-myogenic factors, which indicate increased adaptations post-injury.
Conclusion: This literature review, according to selective studies, demonstrates that the addition of BFR in conventional rehabilitation resulted in increased muscle adaptations like strength and hypertrophy, along with increased balance and tissue remodelling and decreased pain perception, which could be beneficial in the treatment of ankle dysfunction.
Keywords: Blood Flow Restriction Training, Occlusion Training, KAATSU Training, Chronic Ankle Instability, Muscle Adaptations.
Keywords: Colles Fracture, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Muscle Stimulator (MS), Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, Home Based Rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT
Objective: This case study aims to assess the efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and Muscle Stimulator (MS) in managing post-Colles fracture complications.
Methods: A systematic review of literature published between 2008 and 2023 was conducted utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The study focused on investigating the effects of MET and MS in post-Colles fracture rehabilitation.
Results: The review revealed significant evidence demonstrating the positive impact of MET and MS on improving the health outcomes of individuals suffering from complications following Colles fractures. Various publications, including systematic reviews, randomized control trials, and case studies, highlighted the benefits of these interventions in reducing post-fracture complications.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that MET and MS can effectively enhance range of motion, increase muscle strength, and alleviate complications associated with post-Colles fractures. Implementing these modalities as part of a comprehensive treatment protocol can help mitigate stiffness and improve overall rehabilitation outcomes.
Keywords: Colles Fracture, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Muscle Stimulator (MS), Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, Home Based Rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT
Background: A common degenerative joint condition called osteoarthritis (OA) is marked by increasing loss of cartilage, joint discomfort, and reduced function. Treatment plans for knee OA usually combine pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. The potential benefits of manual and adjuvant therapy in controlling symptoms of OA have drawn interest among non-pharmacological techniques.
Objective: This review of the literature intends to assess the impact of manual therapy and complementary therapies on knee OA. The main goals were to determine how effectively manual therapies and adjuvant therapies work to improve pain, function, and quality of life in people with knee OA.
Methodology: A deliberate research of electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was carried out to pinpoint appropriate RCTs that were released from 2018 onwards.
Result: Fifteen RCTs in all that met the inclusion criteria were found during the review. These studies’ findings imply that manual therapies can significantly enhance pain alleviation, physical function, and patient-reported outcomes for people with osteoarthritis in their knees, either when used alone or in conjunction with adjunctive therapies.
Conclusion: The use of manual and adjuvant therapy to address the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee shows potential. However, more investigation is necessary to determine the best course of action and the long-term effectiveness of manual and complementary therapy in the management of knee osteoarthritis. This includes large-scale RCTs with extended follow-up periods.
Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Manual Therapy, Adjuvant Therapy, Pain, Mobilisation.

ABSTRACT
Lower back pain is a prevalent and incapacitating global disorder, often attributed to factors such as prolonged standing, excess weight, and heavy lifting. Radiculopathy, a condition leading to lower back pain radiating to the lower extremities, is a common manifestation. This case study focuses on a 46-year-old businesswoman presenting with specific lower back discomfort and pain in her left lower extremity during certain movements. She reported experiencing severe lower back pain a month ago after an 8-hour standing period, with a Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score of 8 and an Oswestry Disability Index score of 29, indicating a significant impact on her overall life.
The McKenzie method, a prescribed exercise approach for spine management, was employed for diagnosis and treatment. This case study illustrates the clinical presentation, causes, diagnosis, radiological assessment, and management of lumbar radiculopathy using the McKenzie technique and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The study spanned three weeks with three sessions per week, including reassessment after each week.
The findings suggest that the McKenzie technique combined with TENS had a substantial positive impact in alleviating lumbar radiculopathy.
Keywords: Lumbar radiculopathy, McKenzie, TENS, low back pain, lumbar spine

ABSTRACT
The current review explores the intricate mechanism and diverse therapeutic applications of prebiotics and probiotics in promoting gastrointestinal health. Prebiotics, nondigestible compounds, foster the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics, live microorganisms directly contribute to the microbial balance. Therapeutically, these agents have demonstrated efficacy in treating and preventing various gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome diseases, and antibiotic–associated diarrhoea. Additionally, their impact extends beyond the gut, influencing systemic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and mental health. Understanding the intricate interplay between prebiotics, probiotics, and the host provides insights into developing targeted interventions for personalized healthcare. This review highlights the evolving landscape of prebiotic and probiotic research, emphasizing their potential as innovative therapeutic tools for a range of health conditions.

Keywords: Prebiotics, probiotics, gastrointestinal health, therapeutic applications, metabolic syndrome

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and assess the knowledge, attitude, and perceived factors towards research amongst undergraduate (UG) Optometry students in India with an International scenario. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among Indian and international UG Optometry students. A modified questionnaire was used to collect data from UG optometry students through an online Google form, which was circulated electronically. Results: Out of 154 subjects [(77 Indian & 77 Abroad), Male-60% & 30% while Female-40% & 70% respectively], 36 Indian subjects (46.7%) & 61 Abroad subjects (79.2%) were having an idea to research while (93.5%) & (80.5%) were having interest towards research respectively. The common perceived factors including, Inadequate support by faculty (27%& 27%), Inadequate motivation (28.6% & 32.5%), Inadequate financial support (27.3%& 31.2%), Lack of time (13%& 49.4%), need of adequate training (36.3%& 28.6%), lack of skills and knowledge (35.1%& 37.7%), lack of interest (22.1% & 27.3%) and not have any opportunities to take part in research (24.7%& 13%) were observed in Indian and Abroad subjects respectively. All factors mentioned were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) with the Chi-square & ANOVA test in SPSS version 21. Conclusion: Most students had a positive attitude or interest in eye health research, but Indian students lacked an ample number of resources in comparison to abroad ones. So, a positive cum supportive environment (including the availability of optimum resources) is needed to improve skills & knowledge about research amongst UG optometry students during their academic life. Keywords: Optometry, Research methodology, Education, Eye-care, Research barriers

ABSTRACT
It is a professional requirement for clinical biochemists to provide Interpretative Remarks (IR). Few clinical labs give any comments at all, and the majority of laboratories just employ pre-written remarks on the report. In addition to physicians, other medical professionals, and occasionally even patients themselves, seek laboratory experts for guidance on data interpretation. The quality of interpretative remarks is impacted by the unavailability of the patient’s medical record, restricted communication with the doctors, and a lack of professional experience. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how crucial it is to provide interpretive commentary in the context of responsibility for medical biochemists. In a similar vein, this paper offers guidance to those who offer interpretations.
Keywords: Interpretative remarks, Critical alerts, QMS, Biochemistry reporting, Medical decisions