ABSTRACT  
Chronic kidney disease or kidney damage leads to decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that lasts for three months or more. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) coexist, and it’s thought that roughly 50% of HF patients also have CKD. The following case study is done to interpret the effects of physiotherapy on CKD patient in ICU setting. The goal of the treatment was to decrease shortness of breathing, to maintain the patency of the lungs, to remove the secretions, to maintain the secondary complications and to do early mobilization to make patient independent in ADLs. Outcome measures used were The Timed Up and Go (TUG), Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and SF-36. Along with the improvement of QOL, patient reported Lower levels of discomfort and improved rest and sleep patterns after physiotherapy interventions.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, physiotherapy in ICU, chest physiotherapy

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Incidences of oncological ailments were reported, especially at an early age; one among them includes GCT (Giant Cell Tumour), commonly recorded in adulthood, affecting the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia, and the lower end of the radius. This Benign lesion can give rise to compression over Neurovascular structures, which may result in pain, swelling and interfere with joint function, while amputation for GCT was used earlier. Materials and Methods: This study where a 19-year-old Female with pain and difficulty in daily functional activities like walking, squatting, and stair activity and also with weight loss and fatigue for more than two months was diagnosed with a Giant Cell Tumour of Left lower medial femoral condyle on 23rd August 2022. She was treated with Curettage filled with Bone cement and fixed with a Locking Compression Plate on 30th August 2022. The subject was started with immediate postoperative physiotherapy and continued for up to 8 weeks. Results: The outcome measures were analysed and discussed with due evidence using a patient-specific functional scale. Conclusion: With lesser research on Onco physiotherapy, results and outcome measures of this case study get highly informative and more significant, highlighting the required role of Physiotherapy in Preventing muscle Atrophy, Joint stiffness, and Greater Functional Restoration.
Keywords: Giant cell tumour, Benign, Neurovascular, Atrophy, Bone Cancer, Quality of life

ABSTRACT  

Background: An increasing prevalence of cancer was globally reported, especially in developing countries like India, and early identification is more productive and lessens the economic burden on the subject, family and society. Healthcare professionals who were involved as first contact healthcare experts, especially musculoskeletal experts like Physiotherapists, Physicians, and Orthopedic surgeons, should be made aware of physical screening and associated psychosocial factors that could have a potential link for breast cancers, especially among women. Females with greater stress in life, having a systemic illness like Hypertension, Diabetes, having Chronic Polyarthralgia be continuously examined with physical, laboratory and due investigations exclusively for breast cancer once every three months. Every minor deviation from normalcy or suspicion is treated as a red flag and referred to experts. These clinical symptoms, like limbs getting stiffer, continuous pain over the spine with progressive movement restriction, changes in voice, and physical functioning with fatigue, were noted in a 60-year-old woman divorcee. Methodology: Since the age of 30 years with a highly stressful life, living with medication for Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus was referred by a physiotherapist to Gynecologist for her physiological changes as noted above on haematological and radiological examination revealed left ductal carcinoma of grade III was treated with left breast mastectomy and axillary clearance in 02/2019, she was later treated with physiotherapy, and again the influence of HRT on the musculoskeletal system was analysed with evidence. Conclusion: This research where an attempt at the early identification of breast carcinoma by the physiotherapist. Further, post-mastectomy, the response to exercises with HRT was analysed using due scientific evidence. The findings of this research can be a newer chapter for onco-physiotherapy to identify breast cancer clinically and update on exercise response with HRT.
Keywords: BC – Breast Cancer, HRT – Hormone replacement Therapy, QOL – Quality of Life

ABSTRACT  
Introduction: Modern living associated with greater health hazards including cancers. Among which breast carcinoma ranks with higher prevalence in adult women. Physical laboratory investigations and screening. Early identification to a larger extent can influence better outcome and longevity especially for breast cancer subjects. Objectives: As physical therapist frequently involved in treating neck and low back ache as first contact healthcare expert, this research highlights importance of patients with chronic neck pain to be screened for lymph nodes, other related complaints like stiff neck, increasing atrophy, constant continuous pain, most of these could be related to malignancy while these subjects can be referred to physician or oncologist for to be detected and treated with due medical care for an enhanced post onco surgical living standard. Materials and methods: 59-year-old diabetic subject with chronic continuous neck pain with nodules over posterior cervical spine was referred to undergo mammography by physiotherapist through physician. She was diagnosed later with hyper metabolic malignant lesion of left breast and underwent modified left radical mastectomy. Later, she was getting treated for her physical functioning in improving QOL were discussed with due evidence for the period 2020 to 2022. Results: With lesser follow up post mastectomy and early identification by physiotherapists remain key component of this research. Findings of this research can form foundation of onco physiotherapy in early clinical screening and referral to medical expert. Conclusions: If adhered can become novel means of physiotherapy evaluation as red flag and could be included in every patient physical evaluation in future.
Keywords: Carcinoma, mastectomy, mammography, onco-physiotherapy, breast cancer, fibromyalgia

ABSTRACT  
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome which has a clinical symptomatic feature of having pain in various regions of body part. Outcome measure were Visual analogue scale (vas)  used for pain before and after the session. The present study highlight fibromyalgia and role of Physiotherapy in patients functional improvements. Cupping therapy and Percussive Therapy were given on trigger points. In a single session also both the treatment showed improvement in pain. Total duration of this study were six session in a week for two weeks. Cupping therapy and percussive therapy improves the overall quality of life of patient.
Keywords: Cupping Therapy, Fibromyalgia, Pain, Percussive Therapy, Theragun.

ABSTRACT  
The present study evaluated a modified semi-micro (SMic) protocol with conventional macro (CMac) protocol for serum glucose level estimation using a semi-autoanalyser. Three hundred blood samples were collected from patients (ages 22 to 84) of Loyola Health Centre, Chennai. Each serum sample was aliquoted into two tubes, one for CMac protocol and the other for SMic protocol. Blood Glucose was estimated by GOD-POD endpoint assay for both methods using a semi-autoanalyser. Mann-Whitney U test revealed Kappa value 0.901 (se = 0.036) at 95% confidence interval for kappa = 0.831 to 0.971 and showed no significant differences (p < 0.0001) between two protocol. The SMic protocol reduces the test cost and provides an opportunity to screen many samples with fewer reagents. We conclude that SMic can be used as an alternative to CMac protocol to estimate serum glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. Keywords: Serum glucose, diabetes mellitus, semi-auto analyser, SMic, CMac, GOD-POD.

ABSTRACT  
Frozen Shoulder which is also called as Periarthritis of shoulder joint. It is commonly seen in 40-60 years of age group. When the tendon gets inflamed from a long period of time it leads to Frozen Shoulder due to involvement of Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles and marked restriction in the movements which cannot be performed by the patient itself or by the help of therapist. Moreover, injury leads to inflammation of joint capsule which lead to pain and joint stiffness. Aim and objective of this case study is to check the effect of Virtual Reality and Conventional Physiotherapy in the patient having Frozen Shoulder. Outcome Measure were Pain and functional disability measured by Shoulder disability and disability index scale (SPADI), Range of Motion (ROM) measured by Universal Goniometer, Kinesiophobia was measured through Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TAMPA) and Sleeping routine was checked through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusions- Four weeks of intervention, thrice a day in a week showed marked improvement in pain, Rom, fear of avoidance, sleep quality through Virtual Reality exergaming and Conventional Physiotherapy in Frozen shoulder patient.
Keywords: Virtual reality exergaming, Frozen shoulder, Pain, Function, Sleep, Tens.